Indlela yokupholisa esebenza kakuhle, eyonga amandla, eluhlaza, kunye nephathwayo yindlela yokupholisa umntu engayekeleliyo. Kungekudala, inqaku le-intanethi kwiphephancwadi iSayensi libike malunga nesicwangciso esitsha sefriji esiguquguqukayo esifunyenwe liqela lophando elihlangeneyo leenzululwazi zaseTshayina naseMelika - "i-torsional heat refrigeration". Iqela lophando lifumene ukuba ukutshintsha i-twist ngaphakathi kwimicu kunokufikelela ukupholisa. Ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kwefriji, ubungakanani obuncinci, kunye nokusebenza kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo eziqhelekileyo, "ifriji yokufudumala ejijekileyo" eyenziwe ngokusekelwe kobu buchwepheshe nayo iye yathembisa.
Le mpumelelo ivela kuphando lwentsebenziswano yeqela likaNjingalwazi uLiu Zunfeng kwi-State Key Laboratory ye-Medicinal chemistry Biology, School of Pharmacy, kunye neLabhoratri ePhambili ye-Functional Polymer yoMphathiswa weMfundo yeYunivesithi yaseNankai, kunye neqela likaRay H. Baugman , unjingalwazi weYunivesithi yaseTexas State, iSebe laseDallas, kunye noYang Shixian, uDocent weYunivesithi yaseNankai.
Yehlisa nje ubushushu kwaye uyijije
Ngokutsho kwedatha evela kwi-International Refrigeration Research Institute, ukusetyenziswa kombane kwii-air conditioners kunye neefriji kwihlabathi ngoku zenza malunga ne-20% yokusetyenziswa kombane kwihlabathi. Umgaqo osetyenziswa ngokubanzi wokucinezela umoya efrijini kule mihla ngokubanzi unokusebenza kweCarnot okungaphantsi kwe-60%, kwaye iigesi ezikhutshwe yinkqubo yesikhenkcisi yesikhenkcisi zinyusa ukufudumala kwehlabathi. Ngokunyuka kwemfuno yefriji ngabantu, ukuhlola iingcamango ezintsha zefriji kunye nezisombululo zokuphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kakuhle kwefriji, ukunciphisa iindleko, kunye nokunciphisa ubungakanani bezixhobo zefriji kuye kwaba ngumsebenzi ophuthumayo.
Irabha yendalo iya kuvelisa ubushushu xa isoluliwe, kodwa ubushushu buya kuncipha emva kokurhoxa. Esi siganeko sibizwa ngokuba yi "elastic thermal refrigeration", efunyenwe ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19. Nangona kunjalo, ukufezekisa isiphumo esihle sokupholisa, irabha kufuneka isolulwe ngaphambili ukuya kumaxesha angama-6-7 ubude bayo kwaye emva koko ihoxiswe. Oku kuthetha ukuba ifriji ifuna umthamo omkhulu. Ngaphezu koko, ukusebenza kweCarnot yangoku "yefriji ye-thermal" iphantsi kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo malunga ne-32%.
Ngokusebenzisa itekhnoloji ye "torsional cooling", abaphandi bayolula irabha elastomer kabini (100% strain), emva koko bayilungisa zombini iziphelo kwaye bayijija ukusuka kwelinye icala ukwenza iSuperhelix isakhiwo. Emva koko, ukuguquka ngokukhawuleza kwenzeka, kwaye ubushushu bemicu yerabha yehla nge-15.5 degrees Celsius.
Esi siphumo siphezulu kunesiphumo sokupholisa sisebenzisa iteknoloji ye-'elastic thermal refrigeration': irabha eyoluliweyo ngokuphindwe ka-7 iyakhontraka kwaye iphole ukuya kutsho kwi-12.2 degrees celcius. Noko ke, ukuba irabha ijijekile yaza yandiswa, yaza yakhululwa kwangaxeshanye, i-'torsional thermal refrigeration' inokuphola iye kutsho kwi-16.4 degrees celcius. U-Liu Zunfeng uthe phantsi kwesiphumo esifanayo sokupholisa, umthamo werabha 'yefriji yefriji ye-thermal' sisibini kwisithathu kuphela serabha 'ye-elastic thermal refrigeration', kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kweCarnot kunokufikelela kwi-67%, ingaphezulu kakhulu kunomgaqo womoya. ifriji yoxinzelelo.
Umgca wokuloba kunye nomgca we-textile unokupholiswa
Abaphandi baye bazisa ukuba kusekho indawo eninzi yokuphucula irabha njengesixhobo "sokushisa ubushushu befriji". Umzekelo, irabha inokwakheka okuthambileyo kwaye ifuna ukujija okuninzi ukufezekisa ukupholisa okubalulekileyo. Isantya sokuhambisa ubushushu siyacotha, kwaye imiba efana nokusetyenziswa okuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokuqina kwezinto kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo. Ke ngoko, ukuphonononga ezinye izinto "zefriji yefriji" kuye kwaba lukhokelo olubalulekileyo lweqela lophando.
Okubangela umdla kukuba, sifumanise ukuba inkqubo 'yokupholisa ubushushu bombane' iyasebenza nakushishino lokuloba neentambo zelaphu. Ngaphambili, abantu bebengaqondi ukuba ezi zinto ziqhelekileyo zinokusetyenziselwa ukupholisa, utshilo uLiu Zunfeng.
Abaphandi baqala bajija le micu yepolymer eqinile kwaye benza ubume be-helical. Ukolula i-helix kunokunyusa ubushushu, kodwa emva kokurhoxisa i-helix, ubushushu buyancipha.
Uvavanyo lufumanise ukuba kusetyenziswa itekhnoloji "yokupholisa ubushushu bokufudumala", ucingo oluphothiweyo lwepolyethylene lunokuvelisa ukuhla kweqondo lobushushu nge-5.1 degrees Celsius, ngelixa izinto zoluliwe ngokuthe ngqo kwaye zikhutshwe phantse akukho tshintsho lobushushu lubonwayo. Umgaqo 'we-torsional heat cooling' wolu hlobo lwefiber ye-polyethylene kukuba ngexesha lenkqubo yokwelula, i-twist yangaphakathi ye-helix iyancipha, ekhokelela ekutshintsheni kwamandla. U-Liu Zunfeng uthe ezi mathiriyeli zinzima ngokwentelekiso zomelele kunemicu yerabha, kwaye nesantya sokupholisa singaphezulu kwerabha naxa yoluliwe mfutshane kakhulu.
Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba ukusebenzisa itekhnoloji "yokupholisa ubushushu be-torsional" kwi-nickel titanium shape alloys enamandla aphezulu kunye nokuhanjiswa kobushushu okukhawulezayo kukhokelela ekusebenzeni ngcono kokupholisa, kwaye kuphela i-twist esezantsi efunekayo ukufikelela kwisiphumo esikhulu sokupholisa.
Umzekelo, ngokujija iingcingo ezine ze-nickel titanium alloy kunye, obona bushushu buphezulu behla emva kokungajingi bunokufikelela kuma-20.8 degrees celcius, kwaye umyinge weqondo lobushushu uwonke unokufikelela kwi-18.2 degrees celcius. Oku kungaphezulu kancinane kune-17.0 degrees Celsius ukupholisa okuphunyezwe kusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-'thermal refrigeration'. Umjikelo omnye wefriji uthatha nje imizuzwana engama-30, utshilo uLiu Zunfeng.
Itekhnoloji entsha ingasetyenziswa kwiifriji kwixesha elizayo
Ngokusekelwe kwi-teknoloji ye-"torsional heat refrigeration", abaphandi baye benza imodeli yefriji ekwazi ukupholisa amanzi ahambayo. Basebenzise iingcingo ezintathu ze-nickel titanium alloy njengezinto zokupholisa, bejikeleza i-0.87 revolutions ngesentimitha ukuphumeza ukupholisa kwe-7.7 degrees Celsius.
Oku kufunyenweyo kusenendlela ende ekufuneka ihanjwe phambi kokuthengiswa 'kweefriji ezijijekileyo zobushushu', ngawo omabini amathuba kunye nemiceli mngeni, "utshilo uRay Bowman. U-Liu Zunfeng ukholelwa ukuba iteknoloji entsha yefriji efunyenwe kolu phononongo iye yandisa icandelo elitsha kwindawo yefriji. Kuya kubonelela ngendlela entsha yokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwintsimi yefriji.
Enye into ekhethekileyo kwi-"torsional heat refrigeration" kukuba iindawo ezahlukeneyo zefiber zibonisa amaqondo okushisa ahlukeneyo, okubangelwa ukusabalalisa ngezikhathi ezithile kwe-helix eyenziwa ngokujija i-fiber ecaleni kwendlela yobude befiber. Abaphandi bagquma umphezulu we-nickel titanium alloy wire kunye ne-Thermochromism coating ukwenza "ukupholisa kokupholisa" umbala wokutshintsha ifayibha. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuguqula kunye nokungaguquki, i-fiber ifumana utshintsho lombala oguqulwayo. Ingasetyenziswa njengodidi olutsha lwesivamkelo somlinganiselo weremote optical wefiber twist. Ngokomzekelo, ngokuqwalasela utshintsho lombala ngeso lenyama, umntu unokwazi ukuba zingaphi iinguqulelo ezenziweyo kwizinto ezikude, nto leyo inzwa elula kakhulu. "ULiu Zunfeng uthe ngokusekwe kumgaqo" wokupholisa ubushushu be-torsional ", ezinye iintsinga zinokusetyenziselwa amalaphu akrelekrele okutshintsha umbala.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-13-2023